Foot

tarsus (7 tarsal bones) talus, calcaneus(calcaneus tuberosity), navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermedial cuneiform, medial cuneiform

metatarsus (5 metatarsal bones)

toes (14 phalanges)
hallux - big toe - proximal, distal
2nd - 5th phalanges - proximal, meddle, distal

medial plantar arch

Coxa Vara & Coxa Varus

Coxa valga is a deformity of the hip where the angle formed between the head and neck of the femur and its shaft is increased, usually above 135 degrees. It is caused by a slipped epiphysis of the femoral head

Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the ball and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. This results in the leg being shortened, and therefore a limp occurs. It is commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture. It can also occur when the bone tissue in the neck of the femur is softer than normal, meaning it bends under the weight of the body. This may either be congenital, also known as Mau-Nilsonne Syndrome, or the result of a bone disorder. The most common cause of coxa vara is either congenital or developmental. Other common causes include metabolic bone diseases (e.g. Paget's disease of bone), post Perthes deformity, osteomyelitis, and post traumatic (due to improper healing of a fracture between the greater and lesser trochanter). Shepherds Crook deformity is a severe form of coxa vara where the proximal femur is severely deformed with a reduction in the neck shaft angle beyond 90 degrees. It is most commonly a sequellae of osteogenesis imperfecta, Pagets disease, osteomyelitis, tumour and tumour-like conditions (e.g. fibrous dysplasia).

Pelvis

female pelvis


male pelvis





Ilium

ala(wing) of ilium (gluteal surface)

iliac crest
intermediate zone, tuberculum, outer lip, inner lip

gluteal lines
anterior, inferior, posterior

psis - posterior superior iliac spine

asis - anterior superior iliac spine

piis - posterior inferior iliac spine

aiis - anterior inferior iliac spine

greater sciatic notch

ischial spine

iliac tuberosity/tubercle

arcuate line

auricular surface (for sacrum)

Ischium

ischial spine

ischial tuberosity

lesser scitic notch

acetabulum

inferior ramus of pubis

ramus of ischium

Pubis

lunate surface

inferior pubic ramus

margin/limbus of acetabulum

obturator foramen

superior pubic ramus

pubic tubercle

obturator crest